{"id":227,"date":"2021-03-25T23:34:26","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T15:34:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/?p=227"},"modified":"2026-10-22T23:38:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T15:38:48","slug":"ubuntu%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e5%a4%a7%e5%85%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/?p=227","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u5168"},"content":{"rendered":"


\n\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5728 \u63a7\u5236\u53f0 \/ \u7ec8\u7aef \/ shell \u4e0b\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u53f0, \u7ec8\u7aef, \u548c shell \u610f\u5473\u7740\u540c\u6837\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b – \u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762\uff0c \u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0:<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f –> \u9644\u4ef6 –> \u7ec8\u7aef<\/p>\n

\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 ‘sudo’ \u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u62e5\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u5458 (\u6216 root) \u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5\u5347\u7ea7<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u8f6f\u4ef6xxx\u5b89\u88c5\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

dpkg -L xxx<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n

apt-cache search \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u6216<\/p>\n

aptitude search \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

apt-cache stats<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5168\u90e8\u53ef\u7528\u5305\u7684\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n

apt-cache pkgnames<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u5305\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

apt-cache show k3b<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u5305<\/p>\n

dpkg -S filename<\/p>\n

apt-file search filename<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5305<\/p>\n

dpkg -l<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u8be2\u8f6f\u4ef6xxx\u4f9d\u8d56\u54ea\u4e9b\u5305<\/p>\n

apt-cache depends xxx<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u8be2\u8f6f\u4ef6xxx\u88ab\u54ea\u4e9b\u5305\u4f9d\u8d56<\/p>\n

apt-cache rdepends xxx<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5149\u76d8\u6e90<\/p>\n

sudo apt-cdrom add<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u65b0<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update (\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\u5305\u5217\u8868)<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade (\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u66f4\u65b0)<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get upgrade (\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5b89\u88c5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b89\u88c5\u65b0\u5185\u6838\u7b49)<\/p>\n

\u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u5305\u7684\u6b8b\u9980\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk ‘{print $2}’ |sudo xargs dpkg -P<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u62a5\u5982\u4e0b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6b8b\u7559\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

dpkg: –purge needs at least one package name argument<\/p>\n

Type dpkg –help for help about installing and deinstalling packages [*];
\nUse `dselect’ or `aptitude’ for user-friendly package management;
\nType dpkg -Dhelp for a list of dpkg debug flag values;
\nType dpkg –force-help for a list of forcing options;
\nType dpkg-deb –help for help about manipulating *.deb files;
\nType dpkg –license for copyright license and lack of warranty (GNU GPL) [*].<\/p>\n

Options marked [*] produce a lot of output – pipe it through `less’ or `more’ !<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u7f3a\u5c11h\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

sudo auto-apt run .\/configure<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65f6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5305\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u653e\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

ls \/var\/cache\/apt\/archives<\/p>\n

\u5907\u4efd\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5305\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n

dpkg –get-selections | grep -v deinstall > ~\/somefile<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u7684\u5217\u8868\u6587\u4ef6\u6062\u590d\u6240\u6709\u5305<\/p>\n

dpkg –set-selections < ~\/somefile\n\nsudo dselect\n\n\u6e05\u7406\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7f13\u5b58\n\nsudo apt-get autoclean\n\n\u6e05\u7406\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7f13\u5b58\n\nsudo apt-get clean\n\n\u5220\u9664\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u8f6f\u4ef6\n\nsudo apt-get autoremove\n\n\u67e5\u770b\u5305\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5730\u5740\n\napt-get -qq --print-uris install ssh | cut -d\\' -f2\n\n\n\n\u5f7b\u5e95\u5220\u9664Gnome\n\nsudo apt-get --purge remove liborbit2\n\n\u5f7b\u5e95\u5220\u9664KDE\n\nsudo apt-get --purge remove libqt3-mt libqtcore4\n\n\u4e00\u952e\u5b89\u88c5 LAMP \u670d\u52a1\n\nsudo tasksel install lamp-server\n\n\u5220\u9664\u65e7\u5185\u6838\n\nsudo aptitude purge ~ilinux-image-.*\\(\\!`uname -r`\\)\n\n\u5bfc\u5165ppa\u6e90\u7684key\u503c\n\n#W: GPG\u7b7e\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9519\u8bef\uff1a http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net jaunty Release: \u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u4e0b\u5217\u7b7e\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a NO_PUBKEY 5126890CDCC7AFE0\n\nsudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver http:\/\/keyserver.ubuntu.com 5126890CDCC7AFE0 #5126890CDCC7AFE0\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165\u7684Key\u503c\n\n\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2appa\u6e90\n\nsudo add-apt-repository ppa:user\/ppa-name\n\n#\u4f7f\u7528 ppa \u7684\u5730\u5740\u66ff\u6362 ppa:user\/ppa-name\n\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u5347\u7ea7\n\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7248\u672c\u95f4\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 9.04=>10.04\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5347\u7ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 backports \u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core<\/p>\n

sudo do-release-upgrade<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838<\/p>\n

uname -a<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f32\u4f4d\u8fd8\u662f64\u4f4d<\/p>\n

#\u67e5\u770blong\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de32\u621664<\/p>\n

getconf LONG_BIT<\/p>\n

#\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u542b32-bit\u5c31\u662f32\u4f4d\uff0c\u5305\u542b64-bit\u5c31\u662f64\u4f4d<\/p>\n

file \/sbin\/init<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bUbuntu\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n

cat \/etc\/issue<\/p>\n

\u6216 cat \/etc\/lsb-release<\/p>\n

\u6216 lsb_release -dsc<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n

lsmod<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bPCI\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n

lspci<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bUSB\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n

lsusb<\/p>\n

#\u52a0\u53c2\u6570 -v \u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793aUSB\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8868\uff08descriptors\uff09<\/p>\n

lsusb -v<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u5361\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install ethtool<\/p>\n

sudo ethtool eth0<\/p>\n

\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7f51\u5361\u7684 Wake-on-LAN<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install wakeonlan<\/p>\n

\u6216 sudo ethtool -s eth0 wol g<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bCPU\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

cat \/proc\/cpuinfo<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

sudo lshw<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u578b\u53f7<\/p>\n

sudo dmidecode -t memory<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6CPU\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u4e3b\u677f\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7<\/p>\n

#CPU ID<\/p>\n

sudo dmidecode -t 4 | grep ID<\/p>\n

#Serial Number<\/p>\n

sudo dmidecode | grep Serial<\/p>\n

#CPU<\/p>\n

sudo dmidecode -t 4<\/p>\n

#BIOS<\/p>\n

sudo dmidecode -t 0<\/p>\n

#\u4e3b\u677f\uff1a<\/p>\n

sudo dmidecode -t 2<\/p>\n

#OEM:<\/p>\n

sudo dmidecode -t 11<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n

free -m |grep “Mem” | awk ‘{print $2}’<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u786c\u76d8\u6e29\u5ea6<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install hddtemp<\/p>\n

sudo hddtemp \/dev\/sda<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

uptime<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n

ulimit -a<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n

ipcs -l<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5c4f\u5e55\u5206\u8fa8\u7387<\/p>\n

xrandr<\/p>\n

\u786c\u76d8<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

sudo fdisk -l<\/p>\n

\u786c\u76d8\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

#\u5371\u9669\uff01\u5c0f\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo fdisk \/dev\/sda<\/p>\n

\u786c\u76d8\u683c\u5f0f\u5316<\/p>\n

#\u5371\u9669\uff01\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3a ext3 \u5206\u533a, mkfs.reiserfs mkfs.xfs mkfs.vfat<\/p>\n

sudo mkfs.ext3 \/dev\/sda1<\/p>\n

\u786c\u76d8\u68c0\u67e5<\/p>\n

#\u5371\u9669\uff01\u68c0\u67e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5bb9\u6613\u4e22\u5931\u548c\u635f\u574f\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

sudo fsck \/dev\/sda1<\/p>\n

\u5206\u533a\u6302\u8f7d<\/p>\n

sudo mount -t \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b \u8bbe\u5907\u8def\u7ecf \u8bbf\u95ee\u8def\u7ecf<\/p>\n

#\u5e38\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a iso9660 \u5149\u9a71\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf, vfat fat\/fat32\u5206\u533a, ntfs ntfs\u5206\u533a, smbfs windows\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55, reiserfs\u3001ext3\u3001xfs Linux\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

#\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u663e\u793a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u589e\u52a0 -o nls=utf8 \u6216 -o iocharset=utf8<\/p>\n

#\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u6302\u8f7d\u5f8c\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5728 -o \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5f8c\u9762\u589e\u52a0 ,umask=022 \u5982\uff1a-o nls=utf8,umask=022<\/p>\n

\u5206\u533a\u5378\u8f7d<\/p>\n

sudo umount \u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u6216\u8bbe\u5907\u540d<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u8bfb\u6302\u8f7dntfs\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

sudo mount -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0 \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/c<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u5199\u6302\u8f7dntfs\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o locale=zh_CN.utf8,umask=0 \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/c<\/p>\n

\u6302\u8f7dfat32\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

sudo mount -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=0 \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt\/c<\/p>\n

\u6302\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

sudo mount -t smbfs -o username=xxx,password=xxx,iocharset=utf8 \/\/192.168.1.1\/share \/mnt\/share<\/p>\n

\u6302\u8f7dISO\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop,utf8 xxx.iso \/mnt\/iso<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bIDE\u786c\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

sudo hdparm -i \/dev\/sda<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u8f6fraid\u9635\u5217\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

cat \/proc\/mdstat<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u770b\u786craid\u9635\u5217\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

dmesg |grep -i raid<\/p>\n

cat \/proc\/scsi\/scsi<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bSATA\u786c\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

sudo hdparm -I \/dev\/sda<\/p>\n

\u6216<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install blktool<\/p>\n

sudo blktool \/dev\/sda id<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u786c\u76d8\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

df<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6cd5\uff1adf [\u9009\u9879]… [\u6587\u4ef6]…\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a<\u6587\u4ef6>\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u957f\u9009\u9879\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u9009\u9879\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

-a, –all \u5305\u62ec\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 0 \u4e2a\u5757\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n

-B, –block-size=\u5927\u5c0f \u5757\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a<\u5927\u5c0f>\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d<\/p>\n

-h, –human-readable \u4ee5\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5370\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u5c0f (\u4f8b\u5982 1K 234M 2G)<\/p>\n

-H, –si \u7c7b\u4f3c -h\uff0c\u4f46\u53d6 1000 \u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u800c\u4e0d\u662f 1024<\/p>\n

-i, –inodes \u663e\u793a inode \u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u975e\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf<\/p>\n

-k \u5373 –block-size=1K<\/p>\n

-l, –local \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u672c\u673a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n

–no-sync \u53d6\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u524d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u52a8\u4f5c (\u9ed8\u8ba4)<\/p>\n

-P, –portability \u4f7f\u7528 POSIX \u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n

–sync \u53d6\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u524d\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u52a8\u4f5c<\/p>\n

-t, –type=\u7c7b\u578b \u53ea\u5370\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a<\u7c7b\u578b>\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

-T, –print-type \u5370\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

-x, –exclude-type=\u7c7b\u578b \u53ea\u5370\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5b9a<\u7c7b\u578b>\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

-v (\u5ffd\u7565)<\/p>\n

–help \u663e\u793a\u6b64\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u79bb\u5f00<\/p>\n

–version \u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u79bb\u5f00<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

du -hs \u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u76d8\u6ca1\u6cd5\u5378\u8f7d<\/p>\n

sync<\/p>\n

fuser -km \/media\/usbdisk<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

#\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a512M\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u6587\u4ef6 \/swapfile<\/p>\n

sudo dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/swapfile bs=1M count=512<\/p>\n

sudo mkswap \/swapfile<\/p>\n

sudo swapon \/swapfile<\/p>\n

#sudo vim \/etc\/fstab #\u52a0\u5230fstab\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8<\/p>\n

\/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u786c\u76d8\u5f53\u524d\u8bfb\u5199\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

# \u9996\u5148\u5b89\u88c5 sysstat \u5305<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install sysstat<\/p>\n

#\u6bcf2\u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21<\/p>\n

sudo iostat -x 2<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

free<\/p>\n

usage: free [-b|-k|-m|-g] [-l] [-o] [-t] [-s delay] [-c count] [-V]<\/p>\n

-b,-k,-m,-g show output in bytes, KB, MB, or GB<\/p>\n

-l show detailed low and high memory statistics<\/p>\n

-o use old format (no -\/+buffers\/cache line)<\/p>\n

-t display total for RAM + swap<\/p>\n

-s update every [delay] seconds<\/p>\n

-c update [count] times<\/p>\n

-V display version information and exit<\/p>\n

\u8fde\u7eed\u76d1\u89c6\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

watch -d free<\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528 Ctrl + c \u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u6001\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

top<\/p>\n

top\u6307\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8f93\u5165H\u6216\uff1f\u6253\u5f00\u5e2e\u52a9\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u8f93\u5165Q\u9000\u51fa\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

ps -AFL<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

ps -A -opid,stime,etime,args<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u524d\u767b\u5165\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

w<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n

ps -u $USER -o pid,rss,cmd –sort -rss<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u7528<\/p>\n

ps -eo fname,rss|awk ‘{arr[$1]+=$2} END {for (i in arr) {print i,arr[i]}}’|sort -k2 -nr<\/p>\n

\u6309\u5185\u5b58\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

ps -eo “%C : %p : %z : %a”|sort -k5 -nr<\/p>\n

\u6309cpu\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

ps -eo “%C : %p : %z : %a”|sort -nr<\/p>\n

ps aux –sort -pcpu |head -n 20<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6811<\/p>\n

pstree<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

kill \u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7(\u5c31\u662fps -A\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u6570\u5b57)<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005 killall \u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d<\/p>\n

\u5f3a\u5236\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b(\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528)<\/p>\n

kill -9 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005 killall -9 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u5f62\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

xkill \u51fa\u73b0\u9ab7\u9ac5\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u9f20\u6807\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u9700\u8981\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

lsof -p \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684pid<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f00\u542f\u6587\u4ef6abc.txt\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

lsof abc.txt<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a22\u7aef\u53e3\u73b0\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

lsof -i :22<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793ansd\u8fdb\u7a0b\u73b0\u5728\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

lsof -c nsd<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f8c\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u767b\u5f55\u5f8c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7ed3\u675f\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

nohup \u7a0b\u5e8f &<\/p>\n

#\u67e5\u770b\u4e2d\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u3000tail nohup<\/p>\n

\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u767b\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7ed3\u675f\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install screen<\/p>\n

screen vim a.txt<\/p>\n

#\u76f4\u63a5\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

screen -ls # 1656.pts-0.ubuntu (Detached)<\/p>\n

screen -r 1656 #\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n

#\u70ed\u952e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6309\u4e0bCtrl\u548ca\u952e\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u4e0b\u529f\u80fd\u952e<\/p>\n

C-a ? #\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u952e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

C-a w #\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7a97\u53e3\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n

C-a C-a #\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n

C-a c #\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fd0\u884cshell\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5e76\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8be5\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n

C-a n #\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n

C-a p #\u5207\u6362\u5230\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3(\u4e0eC-a n\u76f8\u5bf9)<\/p>\n

C-a 0..9 #\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7a97\u53e30..9<\/p>\n

C-a a #\u53d1\u9001 C-a\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n

C-a d #\u6682\u65f6\u65ad\u5f00screen\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/p>\n

C-a k #\u6740\u6389\u5f53\u524d\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u7ec6\u663e\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

strace -f -F -o outfile <\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u5927\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n

#ulimit -SHn<\/p>\n

sudo vim \/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0<\/p>\n

* hard nofile 4096<\/p>\n

* soft nofile 4096<\/p>\n

sudo vim \/etc\/pam.d\/su<\/p>\n

\u5c06 pam_limits.so \u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u53bb\u6389<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u8d77\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n

\u6e05\u9664\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

ps -eal | awk ‘{ if ($2 == “Z”) {print $4}}’ | xargs sudo kill -9<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u5927\u4e8e120M\u5185\u5b58\u7684php-cgi\u90fd\u6740\u6389<\/p>\n

ps -eo pid,fname,rss|grep php-cgi|grep -v grep|awk ‘{if($3>=120000) print $1}’ | xargs sudo kill -9<\/p>\n

Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0bCPU\u5360\u7528\u7387<\/p>\n

renice +10 `ps aux | awk ‘{ if ($3 > 0.8 && id -u $1 > 500) print $2}’`<\/p>\n

#\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/security\/limits.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

ADSL<\/p>\n

\u914d\u7f6e ADSL<\/p>\n

sudo pppoeconf<\/p>\n

ADSL\u624b\u5de5\u62e8\u53f7<\/p>\n

sudo pon dsl-provider<\/p>\n

\u6fc0\u6d3b ADSL<\/p>\n

sudo \/etc\/ppp\/pppoe_on_boot<\/p>\n

\u65ad\u5f00 ADSL<\/p>\n

sudo poff<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u62e8\u53f7\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n

sudo plog<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u57df\u540d<\/p>\n

#\u9996\u5148\u53bb http:\/\/www.3322.org \u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u57df\u540d<\/p>\n

#\u7136\u5f8c\u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/ppp\/ip-up \u589e\u52a0\u62e8\u53f7\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u57df\u540d\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

sudo vim \/etc\/ppp\/ip-up<\/p>\n

#\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u589e\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u884c<\/p>\n

w3m -no-cookie -dump ‘http:\/\/username:password@members.3322.org\/dyndns\/update?system=dyndns&hostname=yourdns.3322.org’<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636eIP\u67e5\u7f51\u5361\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

arping IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636eIP\u67e5\u7535\u8111\u540d<\/p>\n

nmblookup -A IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524dIP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

ifconfig eth0 |awk ‘\/inet\/ {split($2,x,”:”);print x[2]}’<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5916\u7f51\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

w3m -no-cookie -dump http:\/\/www.ip138.com\/ip2city.asp|grep -o ‘[0-9]\\{1,3\\}\\.[0-9]\\{1,3\\}\\.[0-9]\\{1,3\\}\\.[0-9]\\{1,3\\}’<\/p>\n

w3m -no-cookie -dump ip.loveroot.com|grep -o ‘[0-9]\\{1,3\\}\\.[0-9]\\{1,3\\}\\.[0-9]\\{1,3\\}\\.[0-9]\\{1,3\\}’<\/p>\n

curl http:\/\/ifconfig.me<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76d1\u542c80\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

lsof -i :80<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

ifconfig eth0 | head -1 | awk ‘{print $5}’<\/p>\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u589e\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

#\u5728\u7f51\u5361eth0\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a1.2.3.4\u7684IP\uff1a<\/p>\n

sudo ifconfig eth0:0 1.2.3.4 netmask 255.255.255.0<\/p>\n

#\u5220\u9664\u589e\u52a0\u7684IP\uff1a<\/p>\n

sudo ifconfig eth0:0 down<\/p>\n

\u7acb\u5373\u8ba9\u7f51\u7edc\u652f\u6301nat<\/p>\n

echo 1 | sudo tee \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

netstat -rn<\/p>\n

sudo route -n<\/p>\n

\u624b\u5de5\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n

sudo route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.0.1<\/p>\n

\u624b\u5de5\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n

sudo route del -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.0.1<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u5361MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

sudo ifconfig eth0 down #\u5173\u95ed\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n

sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE #\u7136\u540e\u6539\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

sudo ifconfig eth0 up #\u7136\u540e\u542f\u52a8\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n

\u6c38\u4e45\u6539\u5730\u5740\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

sudo gedit \/etc\/network\/interfaces<\/p>\n

\u5728 iface eth0 inet static \u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n

pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether 01:01:01:01:01:01<\/p>\n

\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n

iface eth0 inet static<\/p>\n

pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether 01:01:01:01:01:01<\/p>\n

address 192.168.1.10<\/p>\n

netmask 255.255.255.0<\/p>\n

gateway 192.168.1.1<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u662f logout \u6216\u8005reboot<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524dIP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n

netstat -na|grep ESTABLISHED|awk ‘{print $5}’|awk -F: ‘{print $1}’|sort|uniq -c|sort -r -n<\/p>\n

netstat -na|grep SYN|awk ‘{print $5}’|awk -F: ‘{print $1}’|sort|uniq -c|sort -r -n<\/p>\n

netstat -ntu | awk ‘{print $5}’ | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u6709IP\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

netstat -nat|awk ‘{print awk $NF}’|sort|uniq -c|sort -n<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d20000\u4e2aIP\u5305\u4e2d\u5927\u4e8e100\u4e2aIP\u5305\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

tcpdump -tnn -c 20000 -i eth0 | awk -F “.” ‘{print $1″.”$2″.”$3″.”$4}’ | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | awk ‘ $1 > 100 ‘<\/p>\n

\u5c4f\u853dIPV6<\/p>\n

echo “blacklist ipv6” | sudo tee \/etc\/modprobe.d\/blacklist-ipv6<\/p>\n

\u5bdf\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u51b5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

sudo netstat -atnp<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

netstat -n | awk ‘\/^tcp\/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}’<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n

nc -zv localhost 1-65535<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6d41\u91cf<\/p>\n

#\u5b89\u88c5 ethstatus \u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install ethstatus<\/p>\n

#\u67e5\u770b ADSL \u7684\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

sudo ethstatus -i ppp0<\/p>\n

#\u67e5\u770b \u7f51\u5361 \u7684\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

sudo ethstatus -i eth0<\/p>\n

#\u6216\u5b89\u88c5 bwm-ng<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install bwm-ng<\/p>\n

#\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf<\/p>\n

bwm-ng<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u57df\u540d\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u5907\u6848\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

whois http:\/\/baidu.cn<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

tracepath http:\/\/baidu.cn<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u65b0\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u5f97IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

sudo dhclient<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\u955c\u50cf\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u5230\u672c\u5730<\/p>\n

wget -r -p -np -k http:\/\/www.21cn.com<\/p>\n

\u00b7 -r\uff1a\u5728\u672c\u673a\u5efa\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u00b7 -p: \u4e0b\u8f7d\u663e\u793aHTML\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u7247\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u00b7 -np\uff1a\u53ea\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76ee\u6807\u7ad9\u70b9\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u00b7 -k: \u8f6c\u6362\u975e\u76f8\u5bf9\u94fe\u63a5\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install axel<\/p>\n

axel -n 5 http:\/\/xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\/xxx.zip<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n

lftp -c “pget -n 5 http:\/\/xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\/xxx.zip\u201c<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770bHTTP\u5934<\/p>\n

w3m -dump_head http:\/\/www.example.com<\/p>\n

\u6216 curl –head http:\/\/www.example.com<\/p>\n

\u5feb\u901f\u4f7f\u7528http\u65b9\u5f0f\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

#\u8fdb\u5165\u9700\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540e\u8fd0\u884c:<\/p>\n

python -m SimpleHTTPServer<\/p>\n

#\u5176\u5b83\u7535\u8111\u4f7f\u7528http:\/\/ip:8000 \u6765\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

#\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7aef\u53e3\u4e3a8080:<\/p>\n

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080<\/p>\n

SSH \u8fdc\u7a0b\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1<\/p>\n

ssh -v -CNgD 7070 username@sshhostipaddress<\/p>\n

\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u6709\u7684tcp\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install snort #\u5b89\u88c5snort\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

sudo snort -vde<\/p>\n

\u76d1\u63a7TCP\/UDP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6d41\u91cf<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install iftop<\/p>\n

sudo iftop<\/p>\n

#\u6216<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install iptraf<\/p>\n

sudo iptraf<\/p>\n

\u626b\u63cf\u67d0\u4e2aIP\u7684\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n

nc -v -w 1 192.168.1.1 -z 1-1000<\/p>\n

iptables<\/p>\n

\u9632\u6b62\u5916\u7f51\u7528\u5185\u7f51IP\u6b3a\u9a97<\/p>\n

#eth0 \u4e3a\u5916\u7f51\u7f51\u5361<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -s 10.0.0.0\/8 -j DROP<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -s 172.16.0.0\/12 -j DROP<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -s 192.168.0.0\/16 -j DROP<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bnat\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -t nat -L<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bfilter\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -L -n<\/p>\n

\u53d6\u6d88nat\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -t nat -F<\/p>\n

\u53d6\u6d88filter\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -F<\/p>\n

\u963b\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u8fde\u63a5\u672c\u673a<\/p>\n

#\u89c4\u5219\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6700\u540e<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -t filter -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.125 -i eth0 -j DROP<\/p>\n

\u5173\u95ed 1234 \u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp –dport 1234 -j DROP<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u542f 80 \u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT<\/p>\n

\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee80\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5916\u90e8IP\u6700\u5927\u53ea\u670950\u4e2a\u5e76\u53d1<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -m connlimit –connlimit-above 50 –connlimit-mask 32 -j DROP<\/p>\n

\u7981\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u6bb5\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

#80\u7aef\u53e3 \uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u524d\u9762<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.2.0\/24 -p tcp –dport http -j DROP<\/p>\n

#21\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u524d\u9762<\/p>\n

sudo iptables -t filter -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.23 -p tcp –dport ftp -j DROP<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u672c\u5730\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install rkhunter<\/p>\n

sudo rkhunter –checkall<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u88c5\u6740\u6bd2\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install clamav<\/p>\n

clamscan -r ~\/<\/p>\n

Linux\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6740\u6bd2\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u5361\u5df4\u65af\u57fa(deb)\uff1a http:\/\/www.kaspersky.com\/productupdates?chapter=146274389<\/p>\n

avast!(\u514d\u8d39\/deb)\uff1a http:\/\/www.avast.com\/eng\/download-avast-for-linux-edition.html<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u7ea2\u4f1e(gz)\uff1a http:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/downloads\/avira_antivir_professional.html<\/p>\n

BitDefender\uff08\u6bd4\u7279\u68b5\u5fb7\/run\uff09\uff1ahttp:\/\/download.bitdefender.com\/SMB\/Workstation_Security_and_Management\/BitDefender_Antivirus_Scanner_for_Unices\/Unix\/Current\/EN_FR_BR_RO\/Linux\/<\/p>\n

\u7533\u8bf7\u6bd4\u7279\u68b5\u5fb7\u7684KEY\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.bitdefender.com\/site\/Products\/ScannerLicense\/<\/p>\n

\u9632\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u88ab\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3ssh\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install denyhosts<\/p>\n

\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

sudo update-rc.d \u670d\u52a1\u540d defaults 99<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

sudo update-rc.d \u670d\u52a1\u540d remove<\/p>\n

\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

\/etc\/init.d\/\u670d\u52a1\u540d restart<\/p>\n

\u4e34\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

\/etc\/init.d\/\u670d\u52a1\u540d stop<\/p>\n

\u4e34\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n

\/etc\/init.d\/\u670d\u52a1\u540d start<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

sudo adduser \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

sudo deluser \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3000<\/p>\n

passwd<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u3000<\/p>\n

sudo passwd \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u6599<\/p>\n

sudo chfn userid<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7981\u7528\/\u542f\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u5e10\u6237<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -L \u7528\u6237\u540d #\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -U \u7528\u6237\u540d #\u89e3\u9501<\/p>\n

\u6216<\/p>\n

sudo passwd -l \u7528\u6237\u540d #\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

sudo passwd -u \u7528\u6237\u540d #\u89e3\u9501<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u5230admin\u7ec4\uff0c\u8ba9\u5176\u6709sudo\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -G admin -a \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5e10\u53f7(\u9700\u8981\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801)<\/p>\n

su \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u5e10\u53f7<\/p>\n

sudo -s<\/p>\n

sudo -i<\/p>\n

sudo su<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n

\u914d\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4Java\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n

sudo update-alternatives –config java<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edfhttp\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n

export http_proxy=http:\/\/xx.xx.xx.xx:xxx<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edfhttps\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n

export https_proxy=http:\/\/xx.xx.xx.xx:xxx<\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u767b\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

sudo vim \/etc\/motd<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528eclipse\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u5e26java\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u6362\u56desun\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8eJava JDK6 (\u5c31\u662f1.6\uff0csun\u7f29\u77edJava\u7684\u7248\u672c\u540d\u5b57\u4e86):<\/p>\n

sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-6-sun<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8eJava JDK1.5<\/p>\n

sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-1.5.0-sun<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u6587<\/p>\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u5165\u6cd5\u5f15\u64ce<\/p>\n

im-switch -c<\/p>\n

\u5bdf\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n

enca \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

file \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7531GBK\u4e3aUTF8<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install convmv<\/p>\n

convmv -r -f cp936 -t utf8 –notest –nosmart *<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362src\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7531GBK\u5230UTF8<\/p>\n

find src -type d -exec mkdir -p utf8\/{} \\;<\/p>\n

find src -type f -exec iconv -f GBK -t UTF-8 {} -o utf8\/{} \\;<\/p>\n

mv utf8\/* src<\/p>\n

rm -fr utf8<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7531GBK\u5230UTF8<\/p>\n

iconv -f gbk -t utf8 $i > newfile<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7531GBK\u5230UTF8<\/p>\n

for i in `find . *`; do if [ -f “$i” ]; then iconv -f gb2312 -t utf8 $i > “.\/converted\/$i” fi ; done<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362 mp3 \u6807\u7b7e\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install python-mutagen<\/p>\n

find . -iname ‘*.mp3’ -execdir mid3iconv -e GBK {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u5de5\u5177\u201c\u5c0fK\u201d\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u89e3\u51b3\u6587\u4ef6\u540dmp3\u6807\u7b7e\u548c\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e0b\u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u6587<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install zhcon<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165zhcon\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff1azhcon –utf8 –drv=vga<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\/etc\/zhcon.conf\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u6389–drv=vga\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

zhcon\u662f\u4e2a\u5916\u6302\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5e73\u53f0,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u50cfUS-DOS\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6,\u88c5\u5b8c\u540e\u662f\u9700\u8981\u9a71\u52a8\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6b7b\u673a; \u5f53\u7136\u9a71\u52a8\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u5728\u4f60sudo apt-get install zhcon\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86; \u4f60\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5728\u8fdbzhcon\u65f6\u8981\u7533\u660e\u4f60\u6240\u7528\u7684\u9a71\u52a8,\u800czhcon\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6,\u5c31\u88c5\u4e863\u79cd\u9a71\u52a8:vga,framebuffer,libggi,\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u9a71\u52a8,\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u4fbf\u7b80\u5355,\u800c\u90a32\u949f\u9a71\u52a8.\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6,\u6211\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6539\u8fc7.\u597d\u4e86\u8bf4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u8be5\u544a\u8bc9\u5404\u4f4d\u600e\u4e48\u8fdb\u5165zhcon\u4e86\uff1b \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9700\u8f93\u5165\uff1azhcon –utf8 –drv=vga<\/p>\n

lftp \u767b\u5f55\u8fdc\u7a0bWindows\u4e2d\u6587FTP\u3000<\/p>\n

lftp :~>set ftp:charset GBK<\/p>\n

lftp :~>set file:charset UTF-8<\/p>\n

java6 \u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4e2d\u6587\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n

#\u4e0b\u9762\u662fubuntu\u5b89\u88c5\u6807\u51c6\u7684sun-java\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528tab\u952e\u5207\u6362\u540c\u610f\u5176\u6388\u6743\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n

sudo add-apt-repository “deb http:\/\/archive.canonical.com\/ `lsb_release -c | awk ‘{print $2}’` partner”<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk sun-java6-plugin ttf-wqy-microhei<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get remove ttf-kochi-gothic ttf-kochi-mincho ttf-unfonts ttf-unfonts-core<\/p>\n

sudo mkdir -p \/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-6-sun\/jre\/lib\/fonts\/fallback<\/p>\n

sudo ln -s \/usr\/share\/fonts\/truetype\/arphic\/wqy-microhei.ttc \/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-6-sun\/jre\/lib\/fonts\/fallback<\/p>\n

openjdk6 \u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4e2d\u6587\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jdk ttf-wqy-microhei<\/p>\n

#\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u95edJava\u7684AA<\/p>\n

echo “export _JAVA_OPTIONS=’-Dawt.useSystemAAFontSettings=on'” >> ~\/.profile<\/p>\n

#\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539Java\u5b57\u4f53\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

echo “allfonts.umingcn=WenQuanYi Microhei Hei” | sudo tee -a \/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-6-openjdk\/jre\/lib\/fontconfig.properties<\/p>\n

echo “allfonts.uminghk=WenQuanYi Microhei Hei” | sudo tee -a \/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-6-openjdk\/jre\/lib\/fontconfig.properties<\/p>\n

echo “allfonts.umingtw=WenQuanYi Microhei Hei” | sudo tee -a \/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-6-openjdk\/jre\/lib\/fontconfig.properties<\/p>\n

echo “allfonts.wqy-zenhei=WenQuanYi Microhei Hei” | sudo tee -a \/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-6-openjdk\/jre\/lib\/fontconfig.properties<\/p>\n

echo “allfonts.shanheisun=WenQuanYi Microhei Hei” | sudo tee -a \/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-6-openjdk\/jre\/lib\/fontconfig.properties<\/p>\n

echo “filename.WenQuanYi_Microhei_Hei=\/usr\/share\/fonts\/truetype\/wqy\/wqy-microhei.ttc” | sudo tee -a \/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-6-openjdk\/jre\/lib\/fontconfig.properties<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u6709\u4e9b\u5b57\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5c0f<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get remove ttf-kochi-gothic ttf-kochi-mincho ttf-unfonts ttf-unfonts-core<\/p>\n

PDF \u6587\u4ef6\u4e71\u7801<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install xpdf-chinese-simplified xpdf-chinese-traditional poppler-data<\/p>\n

Flash\u4e2d\u6587\u4e71\u7801<\/p>\n

sudo gedit \/etc\/fonts\/conf.d\/49-sansserif.conf<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u56db\u884c sans-serif<\/string><\/p>\n

\u6539\u4e3a sans<\/string><\/p>\n

\u4fdd\u5b58\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u91cd\u542ffirefox<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0\u519c\u5386<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install lunar-applet<\/p>\n

\u9f20\u6807\u70b9\u51fb\u9762\u677f\u53f3\u952e -> \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u9762\u677f -> \u519c\u5386\u65e5\u671f<\/p>\n

unzip \u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e71\u7801<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install p7zip-full<\/p>\n

export.GBK #\u4e34\u65f6\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4fee\u6539\u73af\u5883\u4e3azh_CN.GBK\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n

7za e docs.zip<\/p>\n

ibus\u8ddf\u968f<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5ibus-gtk\u5373\u53ef,\u6700\u597d\u53e6\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\uff1aibus-qt4<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5c4f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

cat \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u4ee5\uff03\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n

cat \/etc\/vsftpd.conf |grep -v ^#<\/p>\n

\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

more \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u63a7\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

less \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

nl \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

cat -n \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

\u53bb\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7<\/p>\n

cut -c 5- a.py<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u884c<\/p>\n

cat file.txt |sort -u<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5339\u914d\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

grep \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

grep -l -r \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u8def\u5f84\u3000#\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

grep -L -r \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u8def\u5f84\u3000#\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

find . -path ‘.\/cache’ -prune -o -name “*.php” -exec grep -l “date_cache[$format][‘lang’]” {} \\; #\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5305\u542bcache\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u542b\u6709\u201cdate_cache[$format][‘lang’]\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684php\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

find . -type f -name \\*.php -exec grep -l “info” {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

whereis filename<\/p>\n

find \u76ee\u5f55 -name \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

locate \u6587\u4ef6\u540d # \u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c sudo updatedb \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u592a\u5728\u610f<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

touch file1 file2<\/p>\n

\u9012\u5f52\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5d4c\u5957\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

mkdir -pv \/tmp\/xxs\/dsd\/efd<\/p>\n

\u9012\u5f52\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u5d4c\u5957\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

rm -fr \/tmp\/xxs<\/p>\n

\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

cd ~<\/p>\n

# \u6216\u8005\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684<\/p>\n

cd<\/p>\n

\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

cd –<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u7ecf<\/p>\n

pwd<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u5f97\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u540d<\/p>\n

echo xxx.xxx.rmvb |sed ‘s\/.*\\(\\..*$\\)\/\\1\/’<\/p>\n

\u53bb\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u540d<\/p>\n

echo xxx.xxx.rmvb |sed ‘s\/\\(.*\\)\\..*$\/\\1\/’<\/p>\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6,\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5.\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u9690\u542b\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

ls -a<\/p>\n

\u79fb\u52a8\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6539\u540d<\/p>\n

mv \u8def\u5f84\/\u6587\u4ef6 \/\u65b0\u8def\u5f84\/\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

cp -av \u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u539f\u76ee\u5f55 \u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

file filename<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

stat filename<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3000<\/p>\n

diff file1 file2<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793axxx\u6587\u4ef6\u5012\u65706\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

tail -6 xxx<\/p>\n

\u8ba9tail\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

tail -10f \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n

tailf \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u884c\uff08\u542b\uff09\u5230\u7b2c10\u884c\uff08\u542b\uff09\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

sed -n ‘5,10p’ \/var\/log\/apache2\/access.log<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u5173\u4e8exxx\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

apropos xxx<\/p>\n

man -k xxx<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7ssh\u4f20\u8f93\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

scp -rp \/path\/filename username@remoteIP:\/path #\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a<\/p>\n

scp -rp username@remoteIP:\/path\/filename \/path #\u5c06\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730<\/p>\n

tar cvzf – \/path\/ | ssh username@remoteip “cd \/some\/path\/; cat -> path.tar.gz” #\u538b\u7f29\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n

tar cvzf – \/path\/ | ssh username@remoteip “cd \/some\/path\/; tar xvzf -” #\u538b\u7f29\u4f20\u8f93\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u89e3\u538b<\/p>\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f8c\u8f8d\u7531rm\u6539\u4e3armvb<\/p>\n

rename ‘s\/.rm$\/.rmvb\/’ *<\/p>\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5199\u6539\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199<\/p>\n

rename ‘tr\/A-Z\/a-z\/’ *<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff1a–help.txt<\/p>\n

rm — –help.txt \u6216\u8005 rm .\/–help.txt<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

ls -d *\/ \u6216 echo *\/<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6700\u8fd130\u5929\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u4e0a\u7ea7back\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

find . -type f -atime -30 -exec mv {} ..\/back \\;<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6700\u8fd130\u5929\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\u5907\u4efd<\/p>\n

find . -type f -atime -30 | xargs tar zcvpf backup.tar.gz<\/p>\n

find . -type f -atime -30 -print -exec tar rvpf backup.tar {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u4ee5\u5185\u7684\u5305\u542b xxxx \u7684\u6240\u6709\u90ae\u4ef6<\/p>\n

find \/home\/ -path “*Maildir*” -type f -mmin -60|xargs -i grep -l xxxx ‘{}’<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6700\u8fd12\u5c0f\u65f6\u52308\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765<\/p>\n

find . -mmin +120 -mmin -480 -exec more {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u572830\u5929\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

find . -type f -mtime +30 -mtime -3600 -exec rm {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u572830\u5929\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

find . -type f -atime +30 -atime -3600 -exec rm {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627eguest\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4ee5avi\u6216\u8005rm\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u6389<\/p>\n

find . -name ‘*.avi’ -o -name ‘*.rm’ -user ‘guest’ -exec rm {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u4ee5java\u548cxml\u7ed3\u5c3e,\u5e767\u5929\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5220\u9664\u6389<\/p>\n

find . ! -name *.java ! -name \u2018*.xml\u2019 -atime +7 -exec rm {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6709\u5305\u542babcd\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u4e3axyz<\/p>\n

grep -rIl “abcd” .\/* –color=never | xargs sed -i “s\/abcd\/xyz\/g” #\u6ce8\u610fgrep\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5927\u5199\u7684i\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u7684L<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u6709\u7684 .svn \u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

find . -name .svn -type d -exec rm -fr {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u201c~\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

find . -name “*~” -exec rm {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n

ls \/usr\/bin|wc -w<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709jpg\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8<\/p>\n

find . -name *.jpg -exec wc -c {} \\;|awk ‘{print $1}’|awk ‘{a+=$1}END{print a}’<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n

ls -l \/usr\/bin|grep ^d|wc -l<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5360\u7a7a\u95f4\u6700\u5927\u7684\u524d10\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

du -sm * | sort -nr | head -10<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b2006-01-01\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

ls -l |grep 2006-01-01 |awk ‘{print $8}’<\/p>\n

\u5907\u4efd\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\u3000<\/p>\n

sudo rsync -Pa \/ \/media\/disk1 –exclude=\/media\/* –exclude=\/home\/* –exclude=\/sys\/* –exclude=\/tmp\/* –exclude=\/proc\/* –exclude=\/mnt\/*<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528ssh\u65b9\u5f0f\u540c\u6b65\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u5230\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

rsync -Pa -I –size-only –delete –timeout=300 Remote_IP:\/home\/ubuntu\/back \/backup<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528ftp\u65b9\u5f0f\u540c\u6b65\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u5230\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

lftp -c “open Remote_IP;user UserName Password;set cache:enable false;set ftp:passive-mode false;set net:timeout 15;mirror -e -c \/back \/backup;”<\/p>\n

\u53bb\u6389\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684^M<\/p>\n

#\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u6389\u539f\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

cat filename | tr -d “^M” > newfile;<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n

sed -e “s\/^M\/\/g” filename > newfile;<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n

ex “+:%s\/[Ctrl+V][Enter]\/\/g” “+:wq” filename #\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362Dos\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5230Unix\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

tr -d ‘\\15\\32’ < dosfile.txt > unixfile.txt #dos = > unix<\/p>\n

awk ‘{ sub(“\\r$”, “”); print }’ dosfile.txt > unixfile.txt #dos = > unix<\/p>\n

awk ‘sub(“$”, “\\r”)’ unixfile.txt > dosfile.txt #unix = > dos<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362bin\/cue\u5230iso\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install bchunk<\/p>\n

bchunk image.bin image.cue image<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362\u76ee\u5f55\u5230iso\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

mkisofs -o isofile.iso dirname<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362CD\u5230iso\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

dd if=\/dev\/cdrom of=isofile.iso<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9644\u4ef6\u53d1\u5230\u90ae\u7bb1<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install mailutils sharutils<\/p>\n

uuencode xxx.tar.gz xxx.tar.gz |mail xxx@xxx.com<\/p>\n

(echo “hello, please see attached file”; uuencode xxx.tar.gz xxx.tar.gz)| mail xxx@xxx.com<\/p>\n

\u5408\u5e76\u591a\u4e2apdf\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2apdf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

#apt-get install gs pdftk<\/p>\n

gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOUTPUTFILE=output.pdf -dBATCH input1.pdf input2.pdf<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u76f8\u540c<\/p>\n

diff -r dir1 dir2<\/p>\n

\u5f71\u50cf<\/p>\n

\u64ad\u653eswf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5swf\u89e3\u7801\u5668<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install swfmill<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e32\u6d41\u89c6\u9891(mms\/rtsp)<\/p>\n

mplayer -dumpfile dump.rm -dumpstream rstp:\/\/….<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u5c06rmvb\u8f6c\u4e3aavi<\/p>\n

#ipod touch\u53ef\u7528<\/p>\n

for i in *.rmvb; do mencoder -vf harddup -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=4 -of avi $i -o `echo $i | sed -e ‘s\/rmvb$\/avi\/’`; done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u5c06DVD\u8f6c\u4e3aavi<\/p>\n

for i in *.VOB; do mencoder -oac mp3lame -lameopts aq=7:vbr=2:q=6 -srate 44100 -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=4 -of avi $i -o `echo $i | sed -e ‘s\/VOB$\/avi\/’`; done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u8f6c\u4e3aogv<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install ffmpeg2theora<\/p>\n

#firefox3.5\u6216chrome\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u64ad\u653e\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5b89\u88c5\u4efb\u4f55\u89e3\u7801\u5668\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301rmvb\uff0crmvb\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0a\/v\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

for i in *; do ffmpeg2theora –optimize –deinterlace $i; done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u5c06rmvb\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u8f6c\u4e3aogv<\/p>\n

#!\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n

for i in *; do<\/p>\n

mkfifo “\/tmp\/$i”<\/p>\n

mencoder -quiet -vf harddup -ovc raw -oac pcm -o “\/tmp\/$i” “$i” &<\/p>\n

ffmpeg2theora –optimize –deinterlace “\/tmp\/$i” -o “`echo $i | sed ‘s\/\\(.*\\)\\..*$\/\\1\/’`.ogv”<\/p>\n

rm “\/tmp\/$i”<\/p>\n

done<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528gst\u6765\u8f6c\u6362\u4efb\u610f\u7535\u5f71\u4e3aogv<\/p>\n

#!\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n

for i in *; do<\/p>\n

gst-launch-0.10 filesrc location=”$i” ! decodebin name=demux \\<\/p>\n

{ oggmux name=mux ! filesink location=”`echo $i | sed ‘s\/\\(.*\\)\\..*$\/\\1\/’`.ogv” } \\<\/p>\n

{ demux. ! queue ! audioconvert ! vorbisenc ! queue ! mux. } \\<\/p>\n

{ demux. ! queue ! ffmpegcolorspace ! videorate ! theoraenc ! mux. }<\/p>\n

done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u4efb\u610f\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3aipod touch\u4f7f\u7528\u7684mp4<\/p>\n

#!\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n

#ubuntu10.04\u81ea\u5e26\u7684mencoder\u7531\u4e8e\u7248\u6743\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301h264\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install mencoder mplayer<\/p>\n

find . -name ‘*.avi’ -o -name ‘*.rm’ -o -name ‘*.rmvb’ -o -name ‘*.wmv’ -o \\<\/p>\n

-name ‘*.vob’ -o -name ‘*.asf’ -o -name ‘*.mpg’ -o -name ‘*.ts’ -o \\<\/p>\n

-name ‘*.flv’ -o -name ‘*.mpeg’ -o -name ‘*.ogv’ -o -name ‘*.mov’ -o \\<\/p>\n

-name ‘*.mkv’ -o -name ‘*.dat’ | while read i; do<\/p>\n

basename=`echo $i | sed ‘s\/\\(.*\\)\\..*$\/\\1\/’`<\/p>\n

font=”WenQuanYi Zen Hei”<\/p>\n

if [ -f “${basename}.srt” ] ; then<\/p>\n

cp “${basename}.srt” $$.srt<\/p>\n

m0=”-vf scale=480:-10,harddup -sub $$.srt -unicode -subcp GB18030 -subfont-text-scale 3″;<\/p>\n

else<\/p>\n

m0=”-vf scale=480:-10,harddup”;<\/p>\n

fi<\/p>\n

x0=”-lavfopts format=mp4 -faacopts mpeg=4:object=2:raw:br=160 -oac faac -ovc x264 -sws 9 -x264encopts nocabac:level_idc=30:bframes=0:global_header:threads=auto:subq=5:frameref=6:partitions=all:trellis=1:chroma_me:me=umh:bitrate=500 -of lavf -ofps 24000\/1001″;<\/p>\n

mencoder $m0 -fontconfig -font “${font}” $x0 -o “$$.mp4” “$i”<\/p>\n

mv “$$.mp4” “${basename}.mp4”<\/p>\n

if [ -f “${basename}.mp4” ] ; then<\/p>\n

rm “$i”<\/p>\n

fi<\/p>\n

done<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362\u4efb\u610f\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u5230H264<\/p>\n

#!\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install faac x264 gpac mplayer mencoder<\/p>\n

basename=`echo $1 | sed ‘s\/\\(.*\\)\\..*$\/\\1\/’`<\/p>\n

#\u83b7\u5f97\u89c6\u9891\u7684\u957f\u5bbd\u548c\u5e27\u6570<\/p>\n

mplayer -vo null -ao null -identify -frames 0 “$1” 2>\/dev\/null > http:\/\/video.info<\/p>\n

FPS=`cat http:\/\/video.info | grep ID_VIDEO_FPS | cut -d = -f 2`<\/p>\n

#FPS=23.976<\/p>\n

W=`cat http:\/\/video.info | grep ID_VIDEO_WIDTH | cut -d = -f 2`<\/p>\n

H=`cat http:\/\/video.info | grep ID_VIDEO_HEIGHT | cut -d = -f 2`<\/p>\n

WIDTH=480<\/p>\n

HEIGHT=`expr $WIDTH \\* $H \\\/ $W`<\/p>\n

echo $1 FPS=$FPS WIDTH=$WIDTH HEIGHT=$HEIGHT<\/p>\n

mkfifo audio.wav video.yuv<\/p>\n

faac -o audio.aac audio.wav &<\/p>\n

mplayer -ao pcm:file=audio.wav:fast -vc null -vo null “$1”<\/p>\n

x264 –profile baseline –fps $FPS -o video.264 video.yuv ${WIDTH}x${HEIGHT} &<\/p>\n

mencoder -vf scale=$WIDTH:$HEIGHT,harddup,pp=fd,format=i420 -nosound -ovc raw -of rawvideo -ofps $FPS -o video.yuv “$1”<\/p>\n

MP4Box -new -add video.264 -add audio.aac -fps $FPS “$basename.mp4″<\/p>\n

rm http:\/\/video.info audio.aac video.264 audio.wav video.yuv<\/p>\n

#\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a x264.sh , x264.sh xxx.avi \u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u538b\u5236DVD\u5230H264\uff0c\u652f\u6301ipod<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install faac x264 gpac mplayer<\/p>\n

FPS=29.970<\/p>\n

mkfifo audio.wav<\/p>\n

cat VTS_01_1.VOB VTS_02_1.VOB VTS_02_2.VOB VTS_03_1.VOB VTS_04_1.VOB | mplayer -nocorrect-pts -vo null -vc null -ao pcm:file=audio.wav:fast – &<\/p>\n

faac audio.wav -o audio.aac<\/p>\n

mkfifo video.y4m<\/p>\n

cat VTS_01_1.VOB VTS_02_1.VOB VTS_02_2.VOB VTS_03_1.VOB VTS_04_1.VOB | mplayer -vo yuv4mpeg:file=video.y4m -vf scale=480:-3,harddup,pp=fd -nosound – &<\/p>\n

x264 –profile baseline –muxer mp4 –demuxer y4m video.y4m -o video.mp4<\/p>\n

MP4Box -add video.mp4 -add audio.aac -fps $FPS video.mp4<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u4e3aipod touch\u8f6cmp4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u5148\u786e\u4fdd\u6709zenity\u548cmemcoder<\/p>\n

wget http:\/\/linuxfire.com.cn\/~lily\/toIpod -O ~\/.gnome2\/nautilus-scripts\/toIpod && chmod +x ~\/.gnome2\/nautilus-scripts\/toIpod<\/p>\n

\u5728nautilus\u91cc\u5bf9\u89c6\u9891\u6587\u4ef6\u70b9\u53f3\u952e\uff0c\u9009\u62e9”\u811a\u672c”-“toIpod”.<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u67e5\u770b\u51fa\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

mencoder\/mplayer \u53cd\u62c9\u4e1d\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

-vf lavcdeint<\/p>\n

\u5408\u5e76\u591a\u4e2a rm \u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a avi \u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

mencoder -ovc lavc 1.rm -oac mp3lame -o 1.avi<\/p>\n

mencoder -ovc lavc 2.rm -oac mp3lame -o 2.avi<\/p>\n

mencoder -idx 1.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o o1.avi<\/p>\n

mencoder -idx 2.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o o2.avi<\/p>\n

cat o1.avi o2.avi | mencoder -noidx -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi –<\/p>\n

\u5408\u5e76\u89c6\u9891\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

mencoder -ovc copy -oac copy -idx -o \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u6587\u4ef6\u540d1 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d2<\/p>\n

CD \u6293\u8f68\u4e3a mp3 (\u6709\u635f)<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install abcde<\/p>\n

abcde -o mp3 -b<\/p>\n

CD \u6293\u8f68\u4e3a Flac (\u65e0\u635f)<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install abcde<\/p>\n

abcde -o flac -b<\/p>\n

ape \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a flac<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install flac shntool iconv mac<\/p>\n

iconv -f GB2312 -t UTF-8 example.cue -o example_UTF-8.cue<\/p>\n

shntool split -t “%n.%p-%t” -f example_UTF-8.cue -o flac example.ape -d flacOutputDir<\/p>\n

ape\/flac \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a mp3<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install flac shntool lame<\/p>\n

#ape \u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 monkeys \u5305<\/p>\n

iconv -f GB2312 -t UTF-8 example.cue -o example_UTF-8.cue<\/p>\n

shntool split -t “%n.%p-%t” -f example_UTF-8.cue -o ‘cust ext=mp3 lame –r3mix -b 320 –quiet – %f’ example.ape -d mp3OutputDir<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u5c06 ape \u8f6c\u4e3a mp3<\/p>\n

for f in *.ape; do gst-launch-0.10 filesrc location=”$f” ! decodebin ! audioconvert ! lame vbr=0 bitrate=320 ! id3mux ! filesink location=”${f%.ape}.mp3″; done<\/p>\n

#\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 shntool<\/p>\n

for i in *.ape; do shnconv -i ape -o “cust ext=mp3 lame -b 320 – %f” “$i” -d mp3OutputDir; done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u5c06 ape \u8f6c\u4e3a m4a<\/p>\n

for f in *.ape; do ffmpeg -i “$f” -acodec alac “${f%.ape}.m4a”; done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u5c06 ape \u8f6c\u4e3a aac<\/p>\n

for f in *.ape; do ffmpeg -i “$f” -acodec aac -strict experimental -ab 256k “${f%.ape}.aac”; done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u5c06 flac \u8f6c\u4e3a mp3<\/p>\n

for i in *.flac; do shnconv -i flac -o “cust ext=mp3 lame -b 320 – %f” “$i” -d mp3OutputDir; done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u5c06svg\u8f6c\u4e3apng<\/p>\n

for i in *.svg; do inkscape $i –export-png=`echo $i | sed -e ‘s\/svg$\/png\/’`; done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u683c\u5f0f\u5230mp3<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install lame mplayer<\/p>\n

for i in *; do base=${i%.*}; mplayer -quiet -vo null -vc dummy -af volume=0,resample=44100:0:1 -ao pcm:waveheader:file=”$i.wav” “$i” ; lame -V0 -h -b 192 -vbr-new “$i.wav” “$base.mp3”; rm -f “$i.wav” ; done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u7f29\u5c0f\u56fe\u7247\u523030%<\/p>\n

for i in *.jpg; do convert -resize 30%x30% “$i” “sm-$i”; done<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362jpg\u5230png<\/p>\n

for i in *.jpg; do convert $i `echo $i | sed -e ‘s\/jpg$\/png\/’`; done<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u6587\u5b57\u8f6c\u4e3a\u56fe\u7247<\/p>\n

convert -size 200×30 xc:transparent -font \/usr\/share\/fonts\/truetype\/wqy\/wqy-microhei.ttc -fill red -pointsize 16 -draw “text 5,15 ‘\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u6587\u8f6c\u4e3a\u56fe\u7247'” test.png<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u538b\u7f29png\u56fe\u7247<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install optipng<\/p>\n

optipng -o7 old.png new.png<\/p>\n

#\u6216 sudo apt-get install pngcrush<\/p>\n

#pngcrush -brute old.png new.png<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u591a\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPDF\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

convert *.jpg out.pdf<\/p>\n

\u6279\u91cf\u628apdf\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3atxt\u5e76\u683c\u5f0f\u5316<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install poppler-utils poppler-data<\/p>\n

find .\/ -name ‘*.txt’ | while read i; do cat $i | awk ‘{if ($0 ~ “^space:\u201d) {printf \u201c\\n\u201d$0} else {printf $0}}\u2019 | sed \u2018\/^space:*digit:*$\/d\u2019 | sed \u2019s\/^space:\\+\/ \/\u2019 | sed \u2019s\/\uff02\/\u201d\/g\u2019 > \u201c..\/txt\/$i\u201d; done<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u6362 pdf \u5230 png<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install imagemagick<\/p>\n

convert -density 196 FILENAME.pdf FILENAME.png<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6jpg\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4fe1\u606f(Exif)<\/p>\n

identify -verbose xxx.jpg<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u89c6\u9891\u6587\u4ef6 xxx.avi \u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

mplayer -vo null -ao null -frames 0 -identify “xxx.avi” 2>\/dev\/null | sed -ne ‘\/^ID_\/ { s\/[]()|&;<>`'”‘”‘\\\\!$” []\/\\\\&\/g;p }’<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bMKV\u89c6\u9891\u6587\u4ef6 xxx.mkv \u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install mkvtoolnix<\/p>\n

mkvinfo -v xxx.mkv<\/p>\n

\u6293\u53d6\u684c\u9762\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u89c6\u9891<\/p>\n

ffmpeg -f x11grab -s wxga -r 25 -i :0.0 -sameq \/tmp\/out.mpg<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8bfb\u51fa\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n

espeak -vzh “\u4ece\u524d\u6709\u5ea7\u5c71”<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6293\u5c4f<\/p>\n

scrot -s screenshot.png<\/p>\n

\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0 7Z \u538b\u7f29\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/p>\n

#\u652f\u6301 7Z,ZIP,Zip64,CAB,RAR,ARJ,GZIP,BZIP2,TAR,CPIO,RPM,ISO,DEB \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install p7zip p7zip-full p7zip-rar<\/p>\n

#\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5df2txt\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u52a0\u5165\u5230files.7z<\/p>\n

7z a -t7z files.7z *.txt<\/p>\n

#\u89e3\u538b\u7f29files.zip<\/p>\n

7z x files.zip<\/p>\n

#\u5220\u9664 files.zip\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2bak\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

7z d -r files.zip *.bak<\/p>\n

#\u5217\u51fafile.7z\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

7z l files.7z<\/p>\n

#\u6d4b\u8bd5files.zip\u4e2d\u6240\u6709doc\u7ed3\u5c3e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027<\/p>\n

7z t -r files.zip *.doc<\/p>\n

#\u66f4\u65b0files.zip\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709doc\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u9009\u9879\uff09<\/p>\n

7z u files.zip *.doc<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0 rar \u8f6f\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u652f\u6301<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install rar unrar<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0 zip \u683c\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u652f\u6301<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install zip unzip<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u538b\u7f29 xxx.tar.gz<\/p>\n

tar -zxvf xxx.tar.gz<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u538b\u7f29 xxx.tar.bz2<\/p>\n

tar -jxvf xxx.tar.bz2<\/p>\n

\u538b\u7f29aaa bbb\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3axxx.tar.gz<\/p>\n

tar -zcvf xxx.tar.gz aaa bbb<\/p>\n

\u538b\u7f29aaa bbb\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3axxx.tar.bz2<\/p>\n

tar -jcvf xxx.tar.bz2 aaa bbb<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0 lha \u652f\u6301<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install lha<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0\u89e3 cab \u6587\u4ef6\u652f\u6301<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install cabextract<\/p>\n

Nautilus<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

Ctrl+h<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u5730\u5740\u680f<\/p>\n

Ctrl+l<\/p>\n

\u7279\u6b8a URI \u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

* computer:\/\/\/ – \u5168\u90e8\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n

* network:\/\/\/ – \u6d4f\u89c8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n

* burn:\/\/\/ – \u4e00\u4e2a\u523b\u5f55 CDs\/DVDs \u7684\u6570\u636e\u865a\u62df\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

* smb:\/\/\/ – \u53ef\u7528\u7684 windows\/samba \u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n

* x-nautilus-desktop:\/\/\/ – \u684c\u9762\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u56fe\u6807<\/p>\n

* file:\/\/\/ – \u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

* trash:\/\/\/ – \u672c\u5730\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

* ftp:\/\/ – FTP \u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/p>\n

* ssh:\/\/ – SSH \u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/p>\n

* fonts:\/\/\/ – \u5b57\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u5b57\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u62d6\u5230\u6b64\u5904\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n

* themes:\/\/\/ – \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u9898\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5b57\u4f53<\/p>\n

fc-list |grep \u6587<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08\u6bd4\u5982nautilus\uff09\u7684\u5730\u5740\u680f\u91cc\u8f93\u5165 ~\/.fonts \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u7684fonts\u2014\u2014\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u7528\u5b57\u4f53\u4f4d\u4e8e \/usr\/share\/fonts<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793a\u65e5\u5386<\/p>\n

cal # \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u6708\u65e5\u5386<\/p>\n

cal 2 2007 # \u663e\u793a2007\u5e742\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u671f<\/p>\n

date -s mm\/dd\/yy<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

date -s HH:MM<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u5199\u5165CMOS<\/p>\n

hwclock –systohc<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bCMOS\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

hwclock –show<\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u53d6CMOS\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

hwclock –hctosys<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u540c\u6b65\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

sudo ntpdate http:\/\/ntp.ubuntu.com<\/p>\n

sudo ntpdate http:\/\/time.nist.gov<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7535\u8111\u7684\u65f6\u533a\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6d77<\/p>\n

sudo cp \/usr\/share\/zoneinfo\/Asia\/Shanghai \/etc\/localtime<\/p>\n

XP \u548c Ubuntu \u76f8\u5dee\u4e86 8 \u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u5dee<\/p>\n

#\u5173\u95edUTC\uff0c\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u5199\u5165CMOS\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo sed -ie ‘s\/UTC=yes\/UTC=no\/g’ \/etc\/default\/rcS<\/p>\n

sudo hwclock –systohc<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u4f5c\u533a<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u533a\u95f4\u5207\u6362<\/p>\n

Ctrl + ALT + \u2190<\/p>\n

Ctrl + ALT + \u2192<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5c06\u6eda\u8f6e\u9f20\u6807\u653e\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u533a\u56fe\u6807\u4e0a\u6eda\u52a8<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u53f0<\/p>\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5207\u6362<\/p>\n

Ctrl + ALT + Fn(n:1~7)<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e0b\u6eda\u5c4f<\/p>\n

SHIFT + pageUp\/pageDown<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u6293\u56fe<\/p>\n

setterm -dump n(n:1~7)<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u662f\u652f\u6301tty1-7\u3002\u6ca1\u4e2d\u6587\u3002\u6ca1\u989c\u8272\u4ee3\u7801\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n

mysql\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b58\u653e\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

\/var\/lib\/mysql<\/p>\n

\u4ecemysql\u4e2d\u5bfc\u51fa\u548c\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

mysqldump \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d > \u6587\u4ef6\u540d #\u5bfc\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n

mysqladmin create \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d #\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n

mysql \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d < \u6587\u4ef6\u540d #\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\n\n\u5fd8\u4e86mysql\u7684root\u53e3\u4ee4\u600e\u4e48\u529e\n\nsudo \/etc\/init.d\/mysql stop\n\nsudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &\n\nsudo mysqladmin -u user password 'newpassword\n\nsudo mysqladmin flush-privileges\n\n\u4fee\u6539mysql\u7684root\u53e3\u4ee4\n\nsudo mysqladmin -u root -p password '\u4f60\u7684\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801'\n\n\n\n\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316mysql\n\nwget http:\/\/www.day32.com\/MySQL\/tuning-primer.sh\n\nchmod +x tuning-primer.sh\n\n.\/tuning-primer.sh\n\nmysql\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u6587\u663e\u793a?\u53f7\n\nmysql> set names utf8;<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528mysql\u7ba1\u7406\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n

show table status; #\u67e5\u8be2\u8868\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

show full processlist; #\u67e5\u8be2mysql\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

alter table site_stats engine=MyISAM; #\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u4e3aMyISAM\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8f6c\u8868\u9501\u4e3a\u884c\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n

show variables; \uff03\u67e5\u770bmysql \u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

mysql\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5907\u4efd<\/p>\n

#\u5907\u4efd forum myweb \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5230 \/backup\/mysql \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u96647\u5929\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n

mysqldump –opt –skip-lock-tables -u root forum | gzip -9 > \/backup\/mysql\/forum.`date +%Y%m%d`.sql.gz<\/p>\n

mysqldump –opt –skip-lock-tables -u root myweb | gzip -9 > \/backup\/mysql\/myweb.`date +%Y%m%d`.sql.gz<\/p>\n

find \/backup\/mysql\/ -type f -ctime +7 -exec rm {} \\;<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u663e\u793a\u5668<\/p>\n

xset dpms force off<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6eCPU\u7684\u9891\u7387<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils<\/p>\n

#\u67e5\u770bcpu\u5f53\u524d\u9891\u7387\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

sudo cpufreq-info<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6a21\u5f0f,\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e{\u6700\u7701\u7535\uff08\u6700\u4f4e\u9891\u7387\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6216\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u6027\u80fd}<\/p>\n

cpufreq-set -g {powersave, userspace, ondemand, conservative, performance}<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u673a<\/p>\n

sudo halt<\/p>\n

sudo shutdown -h now #\u73b0\u5728\u5173\u673a<\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u65f6\u5173\u673a<\/p>\n

sudo shutdown -h 23:00 #\u665a\u4e0a11\u70b9\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u673a<\/p>\n

sudo shutdown -h +60 #60\u5206\u949f\u540e\u5173\u673a<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u542f\u7535\u8111<\/p>\n

sudo reboot<\/p>\n

sudo shutdown -r now<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539ssh\u767b\u5f55\u63d0\u793a<\/p>\n

sudo gedit \/etc\/motd<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5173\u95edssh\u767b\u5f55\u63d0\u793a<\/p>\n

sudo gedit \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a PrintLastLog no<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7684\u89e6\u6478\u677f<\/p>\n

synclient touchpadoff=1<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u5f00\u542f\u89e6\u6478\u677f\u5c31\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

synclient touchpadoff=0<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u901a\u77e5\u684c\u9762\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n

#sudo apt-get install libnotify-bin<\/p>\n

notify-send “hello world”<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u768410\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

history | awk ‘{CMD[$2]++;count++;}END { for (a in CMD)print CMD[a] ” ” CMD[a]\/count*100 “% ” a;}’ | grep -v “.\/” | column -c3 -s ” ” -t | sort -nr | nl | head -n10<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n

awk ‘{arr[$1]+=1 }END{for(i in arr){print arr[i]”\\t”i}}’ FILE_NAME | sort -rn<\/p>\n

\u7edf\u8ba180\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2a\u6570\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392\u5217<\/p>\n

netstat -na|grep :80|awk ‘{print $5}’|awk -F: ‘{print $1}’|sort|uniq -c|sort -r -n<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91\u5668<\/p>\n

vim\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6280\u5de7<\/p>\n

:%s\/[Ctrl-v][Enter]\/\/g \u5220\u9664DOS\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u56de\u8f66^M<\/p>\n

:%s= *$== \u5220\u9664\u884c\u5c3e\u7a7a\u767d<\/p>\n

:%!sort -u \u5220\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u884c<\/p>\n

:%s\/^.{-}pdf\/new.pdf\/ \u53ea\u662f\u5220\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2apdf<\/p>\n

:%s\/\/\/ \u5220\u9664\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca<\/p>\n

:g\/^$\/d \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u884c<\/p>\n

:g!\/^dd\/d \u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u542b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32’dd’\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n

:v\/^dd\/d \u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u542b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32’dd’\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n

:g\/str1\/,\/str2\/d \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u542bstr1\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u542bstr2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n

:v\/.\/.,\/.\/-1join \u538b\u7f29\u7a7a\u884c<\/p>\n

:g\/^$\/,\/.\/-j \u538b\u7f29\u7a7a\u884c<\/p>\n

ndw \u6216 ndW \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u5904\u5f00\u59cb\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u7684 n-1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

d0 \u5220\u81f3\u884c\u9996\u3002<\/p>\n

d$ \u5220\u81f3\u884c\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n

ndd \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u53ca\u5176\u540e n-1 \u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

x \u6216 X \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

Ctrl+u \u5220\u9664\u8f93\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6240\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

D \u5220\u9664\u5230\u884c\u5c3e<\/p>\n

x,y \u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u590d\u5236\u5305\u542b\u9ad8\u4eae\u533a<\/p>\n

dl \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u4e0ex\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\uff09<\/p>\n

d0 \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

d^ \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u683c\u6216TAB\u5b57\u7b26\uff09<\/p>\n

dw \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

d3w \u5220\u9664\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

db \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

dW \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

dB \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

d7B \u5220\u9664\u5230\u524d\u97627\u4e2a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

d\uff09 \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

d4\uff09 \u5220\u9664\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

d\uff08 \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

d\uff09 \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

d{ \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

d7{ \u5220\u9664\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7b2c7\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

dd \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u884c<\/p>\n

d\/text \u5220\u9664\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u201ctext\u201d\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u6837\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5411\u524d\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be5\u5b57\u6837\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u5b57\u6837\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

dfc \u5220\u9664\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u5b57\u7b26\u201cc\u201d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5411\u524d\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

dtc \u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u201cc\u201d\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

D \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/p>\n

d$ \u5220\u9664\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/p>\n

5dd \u5220\u9664\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u6240\u5f00\u59cb\u76845\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

dL \u5220\u9664\u76f4\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

dH \u5220\u9664\u76f4\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

dG \u5220\u9664\u76f4\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

d1G \u5220\u9664\u76f4\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6eEmacs<\/p>\n

\u6253\u5f00\u65b0\u7acb\u5f97\u6216\u8005\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u67e5\u627eemacs\uff0c \u9009\u62e9\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982emacs22\u6216\u8005emacs21.<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u8003Emacs \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

vim \u5982\u4f55\u663e\u793a\u5f69\u8272\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n

sudo cp \/usr\/share\/vim\/vimcurrent\/vimrc_example.vim \/usr\/share\/vim\/vimrc<\/p>\n

\u8ba9 vim \u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u7f16\u8f91 .gz \u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install vim-full<\/p>\n

vim \u5982\u4f55\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u5728~\/.vimrc\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165<\/p>\n

set number<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709~\/.vimrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\/etc\/vim\/vimrc\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165<\/p>\n

set number<\/p>\n

vim\u914d\u8272\u65b9\u6848 (~\/.vimrc)<\/p>\n

colorscheme scheme<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u7528\u7684 scheme \u5728 \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim71\/colors\/<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3vim\u4e2d\u6587\u7f16\u7801\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728~\/.vimrc\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165<\/p>\n

let &termencoding=&encoding<\/p>\n

set fileencodings=utf-8,gbk,ucs-bom,cp936<\/p>\n

#\u518d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n

” Encoding related<\/p>\n

set encoding=UTF-8<\/p>\n

set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8<\/p>\n

language message zh_CN.UTF-8<\/p>\n

set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,gb18030,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,latin1<\/p>\n

set fileencoding=utf-8<\/p>\n

gedit\u4e2d\u6587\u4e71\u7801\u7684\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n

gconftool-2 –set \/apps\/gedit-2\/preferences\/encodings\/auto_detected “[UTF-8,CURRENT,GB18030,BIG5,ISO-8859-15,UTF-16]” –type list –list-type string<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u6253\u5305<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5\u901a\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install build-essential<\/p>\n

\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u6b65\u9aa4<\/p>\n

.\/configure && make && sudo make install<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6 kate<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install apt-build<\/p>\n

sudo apt-build install kate<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u5f97\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5305<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get source mysql-server<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u8fd8\u539f\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5305<\/p>\n

dpkg-source -x mysql-dfsg-5.1_5.1.30-1.dsc<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5\u7f16\u8bd1\u6253\u5305\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get build-dep mysql-server<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u6253\u5305Debian\u5316\u7684\u6e90\u7801<\/p>\n

dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u5f97\u6e90\u7801\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u5305<\/p>\n

apt-get source php5-cgi<\/p>\n

#\u6216\u624b\u5de5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6e90\u7801\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 dpkg-source -x php5_5.2.6.dfsg.1-3ubuntu4.1.dsc \u89e3\u5f00\u6e90\u7801<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get build-dep php5-cgi<\/p>\n

cd php5-5.2.6.dfsg.1<\/p>\n

dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -b<\/p>\n

\u7ed9\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6253\u8865\u4e01<\/p>\n

patch -p0 < mysql.patch\n\n\u5b89\u88c5 gtk+ \u7f16\u8bd1\u73af\u5883\n\nsudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev\n\n\u5176\u5b83\n\n\u628a\u7ec8\u7aef\u52a0\u5230\u53f3\u952e\u83dc\u5355\n\nsudo apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal\n\n\u5982\u4f55\u5220\u9664Totem\u7535\u5f71\u64ad\u653e\u673a\u7684\u64ad\u653e\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\n\nrm ~\/.recently-used\n\n\u6e05\u9664\u684c\u9762\u6302\u8f7d\u786c\u76d8\u56fe\u6807\n\ngconftool-2 --set \/apps\/nautilus\/desktop\/volumes_visible 0 --type bool\n\n\u6062\u590d\uff1a\n\ngconftool-2 --set \/apps\/nautilus\/desktop\/volumes_visible 1 --type bool\n\n\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u6362gnome\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u952e\n\n\u70b9\u51fb\u83dc\u5355\uff0c\u9f20\u6807\u505c\u7559\u5728\u67d0\u6761\u83dc\u5355\u4e0a\uff0c\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u4efb\u610f\u4f60\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u952e\uff0c\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6548\uff1b\n\n\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6e05\u9664\u8be5\u5feb\u6377\u952e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528backspace\n\n\u57fa\u4e8e OpenVZ \u7684 VPS \u652f\u6301 OpenVPN \u5bf9\u5916\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bbe\u7f6e\n\niptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0\/24 -o venet0 -j MASQUERADE\n\n#\u6216\n\niptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0\/24 -o venet0 -j SNAT --to-source VPS-IP-ADDRESS\n\nGNOME\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\n\n\u7cfb\u7edf -> \u9996\u9009\u9879 -> \u4f1a\u8bdd -><\/p>\n

\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

man \u5982\u4f55\u663e\u793a\u5f69\u8272\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n

vim ~\/.bashrc<\/p>\n

#\u589e\u52a0\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

export LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$’\\E[01;31m’<\/p>\n

export LESS_TERMCAP_md=$’\\E[01;31m’<\/p>\n

export LESS_TERMCAP_me=$’\\E[0m’<\/p>\n

export LESS_TERMCAP_se=$’\\E[0m’<\/p>\n

export LESS_TERMCAP_so=$’\\E[01;44;33m’<\/p>\n

export LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$’\\E[0m’<\/p>\n

export LESS_TERMCAP_us=$’\\E[01;32m’<\/p>\n

#\u751f\u6548\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

#source .bashrc<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5220\u9664\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

cd ~\/.config\/autostart<\/p>\n

rm \u9700\u8981\u5220\u9664\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8wine\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

sudo sed -ie ‘\/GBK\/,\/^}\/d’ \/usr\/share\/X11\/locale\/zh_CN.UTF-8\/XLC_LOCALE<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u6e38\u620f\u5e27\u6570\u964d\u4f4e<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u523b\u5f55<\/p>\n

mkisofs -o test.iso -Jrv -V test_disk \/home\/carla\/<\/p>\n

cdrecord -scanbus<\/p>\n

scsibus1:<\/p>\n

1,1,0 101) ‘HL-DT-ST’ ‘CD-RW GCE-8481B ‘ ‘1.04’ Removable CD-ROM<\/p>\n

cdrecord -v -eject speed=8 dev=1,1,0 test.iso<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/linux\/l-cdburn\/index.html<\/p>\n

\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6293\u56fe<\/p>\n

gnome-screenshot -d 10 #\u5ef6\u8fdf10\u79d2\u6293\u56fe
\ngnome-screenshot -w -d 5 #\u5ef6\u8fdf5\u79d2\u6293\u5f53\u524d\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n

\u56de\u6536\u7ad9\u5728\u54ea\u91cc
\nUbuntu8.04 Gnome 2.22.2 \u4ee5\u540e\u5728 $HOME\/.local\/share\/Trash\/
\nUbuntu8.04 \u4e4b\u524d\u5728 $HOME\/.Trash\/<\/p>\n

\u5f3a\u5236\u6e05\u7a7a\u56de\u6536\u7ad9
\nsudo rm -fr $HOME\/.local\/share\/Trash\/files\/<\/p>\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6253\u5f00\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u54ea\u91cc
\n#\u5168\u5c40
\n\/etc\/gnome\/defaults.list<\/p>\n

#\u4e2a\u4eba
\n~\/.local\/share\/applications\/mimeapps.list<\/p>\n

Firefox \u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u5728\u54ea\u91cc<\/p>\n

ls ~\/.mozilla\/firefox\/*.default\/Cache\/<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bsamba\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

sudo pdbedit -L<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5230samba<\/p>\n

sudo pdbedit -a username<\/p>\n

\u4ecesamba\u8d26\u6237\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

sudo pdbedit -x username<\/p>\n

\u663e\u793asamba\u8d26\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

sudo pdbedit -r username<\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u8bd5samba\u8d26\u6237\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38<\/p>\n

smbclient -L 192.168.1.1 -U username -d 3<\/p>\n

samba\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u91cc<\/p>\n

\/var\/lib\/samba\/passdb.tdb<\/p>\n

samba\u7528\u6237Windows\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u5728Windows\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u8f93\u5165 cmd \uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 net use \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e10\u53f7\u5982 \\\\192.168.1.1\\username<\/p>\n

\u518d\u8f93\u5165 net use \\\\192.168.1.1\\username \/delete \u5220\u9664\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u518d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u5165\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

Pidgin \u7684\u804a\u5929\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u54ea\u91cc<\/p>\n

~\/.purple\/logs\/<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5PDF\u6253\u5370\u673a<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get install cups-pdf<\/p>\n

#\u6253\u5370\u751f\u6210\u7684pdf\u6587\u4ef6\u5728 ~\/PDF \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u91cc\u9762<\/p>\n

nvidia\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u8bbe\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ca\u914d\u7f6e\u591a\u663e\u793a\u5668<\/p>\n

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg<\/p>\n

sudo nvidia-xconfig<\/p>\n

#nvidia-settings \u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u548c\u591a\u663e\u793a\u5668<\/p>\n

sudo nvidia-settings<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5728 \u63a7\u5236\u53f0 \/ \u7ec8\u7aef \/ shell \u4e0b\u8f93\u5165\u3002 \u63a7\u5236\u53f0, \u7ec8\u7aef, \u548c shell \u610f\u5473\u7740\u540c\u6837 … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=227"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":228,"href":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227\/revisions\/228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www1.bonian.qzz.io\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}